ASTM D6196-97

1.1 This practice is intended to assist in the selection of sorbents and procedures for the sampling and analysis of ambient (Ref 1), indoor (2) and the workplace (3) atmospheres for a variety of common volatile organic compounds (VOCs). It may also be used for measuring emissions from materials in small or full scale environmental chambers or for human exposure assessment.

1.2 A complete listing of VOCs for which this practice has been tested, at least over part of the measurement range (1.5), is shown in Tables 1-6. For other compounds this practice shall be tested according to EN 1076 or other appropriate validation protocols (Sections 13 and 14). (4,1)

1.3 This practice is based on the sorption of VOCs from air onto selected sorbents for combinations of sorbents. Sampled air is pulled through a tube containing these sorbents. The sorbed VOCs are subsequently recovered by thermal desorption and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography.

1.4 This practice recommends a number of sorbents that can be packed in sorbent tubes, for use in the sampling of a wide range of different volatile organic compounds, in the range 0 to 400°C (v.p. 15 to 0.01 kPa at 25°C). Single-bed tubes containing for example sorbent Type A^3,4 are appropriate for normal alkanes from n-C₆(hexane) to n-C₁₀(decane) and substances with similar volatility (v.p. 15 to 0.3 kPa at 25°C). More volatile materials should be sampled on stronger sorbents, such as sorbent Type B^3,5. Other sorbent types than those specified may be used, if their breakthrough capacities are adequate and their thermal desorption blanks are sufficiently small. Examples are given in Appendix X2. A broader range of VOCs may be sampled using multi-bed tubes

1.5 This practice can be used for the measurement of airborne vapors of these volatile organic compounds in a concentration range of approximately 0.1 ug/m³ to 1g/m³, for individual organic compounds in 1-10 L air samples. The method is also suitable for the measurement of the airborne concentrations of individual components of volatile organic mixtures, provided that the total loading of the mixture does not exceed the capacity of the tube. Quantitative measurements are possible when using validated procedures with appropriate quality assurance measures.

1.5.1 The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent used, and by the linear dynamic range of the gas chromatograph, column and detector, or by the sample splitting capability of the analytical instrumentation used. The sorptive capacity is measured as a breakthrough volume of air, which determines the maximum air volume that must not be exceeded when sampling.

1.5.2 The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of analyte or interfering artifacts, or both, on the sorbent tubes.

1.5.3 Artifacts are typically <1ng for well conditioned sorbent Type C^3,6 and carbonaceous sorbents such as graphitized carbon, carbon molecular sieves and pure charcoals; at 1 to 5 ng levels for sorbent Type D^3,7 and at 5 to 50 ng levels for Type E^3,8. Method sensitivity is typically limited to 0.5 ug/m³ for 10 L air samples with this latter group of sorbent types because of their inherent high background.

1.6 This procedure is compatible with low flow rate personal sampling pumps and can be used for personal and fixed location sampling. It cannot be used to measure instantaneous or short-term fluctuations in concentration. Alternatives for on-site measurement include, but are not limited to gas chromatography and infrared spectrometry.

1.7 The sampling method gives a time-weighted average result.

1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.