ASTM E243-09

Eddy-current examination is a nondestructive method of locating discontinuities in a product. Signals can be produced by discontinuities located either on the external or internal surface of the tube or by discontinuities totally contained within the walls. Since the density of eddy currents decreases nearly exponentially as the distance from the external surface increases, the response to deep-seated defects decreases.

Some indications obtained by this method may not be relevant to product quality; for example, a reject signal may be caused by minute dents or tool chatter marks that are not detrimental to the end use of the product. Irrelevant indications can mask unacceptable discontinuities. Relevant indications are those which result from nonacceptable discontinuities. Any indication above the reject level that is believed to be irrelevant shall be regarded as unacceptable until it is demonstrated by re-examination or other means to be irrelevant (see 10.3.2).

Eddy-current examination systems are generally not sensitive to discontinuities adjacent to the ends of the tube (end effect). On-line eddy-current examining would not be subject to end effect.

Discontinuities such as scratches or seams that are continuous and uniform for the full length of the tube may not always be detected.

1.1 This practice covers the procedures that shall be followed in eddy-current examination of copper and copper-alloy tubes for detecting discontinuities of a severity likely to cause failure of the tube. These procedures are applicable for tubes with outside diameters to 3¹/₈ in. (79.4 mm), inclusive, and wall thicknesses from 0.017 in. (0.432 mm) to 0.120 in. (3.04 mm), inclusive, or as otherwise stated in ASTM product specifications; or by other users of this practice. These procedures may be used for tubes beyond the size range recommended, upon contractual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

1.2 The procedures described in this practice are based on methods making use of encircling annular examination coil systems.

1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

Note 1—This practice may be used as a guideline for the examination, by means of internal probe examination coil systems, of installations using tubular products where the outer surface of the tube is not accessible. For such applications, the technical differences associated with the use of internal probe coils should be recognized and accommodated. The effect of foreign materials on the tube surface and signals due to tube supports are typical of the factors that must be considered.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.